As well as discussing it with specialist healthcare professionals, it can help to talk things over with your partner and speak to close friends and family. Before you decide to have chorionic villus sampling CVS , you'll be told about the risks and possible complications. But it's difficult to determine which miscarriages would have happened anyway, and which are the result of the CVS procedure.
Some recent research has suggested only a very small number of miscarriages that occur after CVS are a direct result of the procedure. There's no evidence to suggest you can do anything during this time to reduce your risk. The risk of miscarriage after CVS is thought to be similar to that of an alternative test called amniocentesis, which is carried out slightly later in pregnancy between week 15 and This could be because not enough cells were taken, or because the sample was contaminated with cells from the mother.
If the sample is unsuitable, CVS may need to be carried out again, or you could wait a few weeks to have amniocentesis instead. As with all types of surgical procedures, there's a risk of infection during or after CVS. If your blood type is rhesus RhD negative but your baby's blood type is RhD positive, it's possible for sensitisation to occur during CVS.
This is where some of your baby's blood enters your bloodstream and your body starts to produce antibodies to attack it. If you do not already know your blood type, a blood test will be carried out before you have CVS to see if there's a risk of sensitisation.
If necessary, an injection of a medication called anti-D immunoglobulin can be given to stop sensitisation occurring. Skip to Main Content. Search the site. Chorionic Villus sampling. On this page. Overview Chorionic villus sampling CVS is a test you may be offered during pregnancy to check if your baby has a genetic or chromosomal condition, such as Down's syndrome, Edwards' syndrome or Patau's syndrome. This could be because: an antenatal screening test has suggested your baby may be born with a condition, such as Down's syndrome , Edward's syndrome or Patau's syndrome you had a previous pregnancy affected by a genetic condition you have a family history of a genetic condition, such as sickle cell disease, thalassaemia , cystic fibrosis or muscular dystrophy.
How CVS is performed CVS is usually carried out between the 11th and 14th weeks of pregnancy, although it's sometimes performed later than this if necessary.
During the test, a small sample of cells is removed from the placenta using 1 of 2 methods: transabdominal CVS — a needle is inserted through your tummy this is the most common method used transcervical CVS — a tube or small forceps smooth metal instruments that look like tongs are inserted through the cervix the neck of the womb The test itself takes about 10 minutes, although the whole consultation may take about 30 minutes.
Getting your results The first results of the test should be available within 3 working days and this will tell you if Down's syndrome, Edwards' syndrome or Patau's syndrome has been discovered. Miscarriage and infections.
Before you decide to have CVS, the risks and possible complications will be discussed with you. This is estimated to occur in up to 1 out of every women who have CVS. What are the alternatives? Why should it be done? What conditions can CVS detect? Deciding whether to have CVS If you're offered CVS, ask your doctor or midwife what the procedure involves and what the risks and benefits are before deciding whether to have it.
Reasons to have CVS CVS will usually tell you for certain if your baby will or will not be born with any of the conditions that were tested for. Reasons not to have CVS There's a risk of miscarrying the baby. You may feel this risk outweighs the potential benefits of the test. How is it performed? Your doctor or midwife will tell you about this before you attend your appointment. You can bring a partner, friend or family member for support when you have the test.
Transabdominal CVS Your tummy is cleaned with antiseptic before a local anaesthetic injection is used to numb it. After the sample is removed, the needle is removed. Transcervical CVS A sample of cells from the chorionic villi is collected through the neck of your womb the cervix. Which method will be used? The transabdominal method is preferred in most cases because it's often easier to carry out. But there's no difference in the rate of miscarriages between the 2 methods.
Is CVS painful? CVS is usually described as being uncomfortable, rather than painful. Transcervical CVS feels similar to a cervical screening test. How long does it take? CVS usually takes around 10 minutes, although the whole consultation may take about 30 minutes.
You can then go home to rest. Recovering after CVS After having CVS, it's normal to have cramps similar to period pain and light vaginal bleeding called spotting for a few hours. You may wish to avoid any strenuous activity for the rest of the day.
Already an ObGFirst Member? Welcome back Log In Want to sign up? Try ObGFirst Free! Sign In. Lost your password? Password Trouble? ObGFirst Free Trial. Disclaimer Participants have an implied responsibility to use the newly acquired information to enhance patient outcomes and their own professional development. Rarely, your health care provider might caution against transabdominal chorionic villus sampling — which is done through the abdominal wall — if:. Rh sensitization. Chorionic villus sampling might cause some of the baby's blood cells to enter your bloodstream.
If you have Rh negative blood and you haven't developed antibodies to Rh positive blood, you'll be given an injection of a blood product called Rh immune globulin after chorionic villus sampling.
This will prevent your body from producing Rh antibodies that can cross the placenta and damage the baby's red blood cells. A blood test can detect if you've begun to produce antibodies. Some older studies suggested that chorionic villus sampling might cause defects in a baby's fingers or toes. However, the risk appears to be a concern only if the procedure is done before week 10 of pregnancy. You might need to have a full bladder for chorionic villus sampling.
Check with your provider about how much fluid you might need to drink, as well as any other pre-test preparation that might be necessary before your appointment. Your health care provider will explain the procedure and ask you to sign a consent form before the procedure begins. Consider asking someone to accompany you to the appointment for emotional support or to drive you home afterward. Chorionic villus sampling is usually done in an outpatient facility or the health care provider's office.
First, your health care provider will use ultrasound to verify your baby's gestational age and the position of the placenta. You'll lie on your back on an exam table with your abdomen exposed. Your health care provider will apply a special gel to your abdomen, and then use a small device known as an ultrasound transducer to show your baby's position on a monitor.
Next, your health care provider will use the ultrasound image as a guide and take the tissue sample from the placenta while you lie still. This can be done through your cervix transcervical or your abdominal wall transabdominal. You can resume your normal activity level after the procedure. However, you might consider avoiding strenuous exercise and sexual activity for a day.
Meanwhile, the tissue sample will be analyzed in a lab. Results might take a few days to a week or so, depending on the complexity of the lab analysis. Your health care provider or a genetic counselor will help you understand your chorionic villus sampling results. Occasionally, test results are unclear and amniocentesis — another prenatal diagnostic test — is needed to clarify the diagnosis. With chorionic villus sampling, there's a rare chance of a false-positive test — when the test is positive, but no disease exists.
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