Nolan B. Vulnerability of shallow groundwater and drinking-water wells to nitrate in the United States. Messier K. Nitrate variability in groundwater of North Carolina using monitoring and private well data models. Eckhardt D. Relation of ground-water quality to land use on Long Island, New York.
Probability of nitrate contamination of recently recharged groundwaters in the conterminous United States. Rupert M. Water-Resources Investigations Report Tesoriero A.
Predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in the Puget Sound Basin: Implications for aquifer susceptibility and vulnerability. Warner K. Elith J. A working guide to boosted regression trees.
Wheeler D. Modeling groundwater nitrate concentrations in private wells in Iowa. Total Environ. Ransom K. A hybrid machine learning model to predict and visualize nitrate concentration throughout the Central Valley aquifer, California, USA. Leach S. Bacterially catalyzed N -nitrosation reactions and their relative importance in the human stomach. Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLoS Med. Spiegelhalder B. Influence of dietary nitrate on nitrite content of human saliva: Possible relevance to in vivo formation of N -nitroso compounds. Food Cosmet. Tricker A. Increased urinary nitrosamine excretion in patients with urinary diversions. Eisenbrand G. Nitrate and nitrite in saliva. Nicolai H. Ceccatelli S. Evidence for involvement of nitric oxide in the regulation of hypothalamic portal blood flow.
Moncada S. Nitric oxide: Physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Rees D. Role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the regulation of blood pressure. Palmer R. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Radomski M. Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits human platelet adhesion to vascular endothelium.
Larsen F. Regulation of mitochondrial function and energetics by reactive nitrogen oxides. Free Radic. Nitric oxide synthase in the rat anterior pituitary gland and the role of nitric oxide in regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion. Green S. Nitric oxide: Cytokine-regulation of nitric oxide in host resistance to intracellular pathogens. Langrehr J. Nitric oxide—A new endogenous immunomodulator.
Wei X. Altered immune responses in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase. Formation of N-nitroso compounds: Chemistry, kinetics, and in vivo occurrence. Ridd J. Nitrosation, diazotisation, and deamination. Akuta T. Nitrative stress through formation of 8-nitroguanosine: Insights into microbial pathogenesis. Nitric Oxide. Loeppky R. Blocking nitrosamine formation—Understanding the chemistry of rapid nitrosation. In: Loeppky R. Volume Qin L. Sialin SLC17A5 functions as a nitrate transporter in the plasma membrane.
Stich H. Vermeer I. Effect of ascorbic acid and green tea on endogenous formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N -nitrosopiperidine in humans.
Volatile N-nitrosamine formation after intake of nitrate at the ADI level in combination with an amine-rich diet. Chung M. Inhibitory effect of whole strawberries, garlic juice or kale juice on endogenous formation of N -nitrosodimethylamine in humans.
Helser M. Influence of fruit and vegetable juices on the endogenous formation of N-nitrosoproline and N -nitrosothiazolidinecarboxylic acid in humans on controlled diets.
Zeilmaker M. Risk assessment of N -nitrosodimethylamine formed endogenously after fish-with-vegetable meals. Khandelwal N. Intake of anthocyanidins pelargonidin and cyanidin reduces genotoxic stress in mice induced by diepoxybutane, urethane and endogenous nitrosation. Conforti F. Abraham S. Ascorbic acid and dietary polyphenol combinations protect against genotoxic damage induced in mice by endogenous nitrosation. De Kok T. Maastricht, The Netherlands. Unpublished work. Haorah J.
Determination of total N -nitroso compounds and their precursors in frankfurters, fresh meat, dried salted fish, sauces, tobacco, and tobacco smoke particulates. Food Chem. Cross A. Haem, not protein or inorganic iron, is responsible for endogenous intestinal N-nitrosation arising from red meat. Cancer Res. Bingham S. Does increased endogenous formation of N -nitroso compounds in the human colon explain the association between red meat and colon cancer?
Effect of white versus red meat on endogenous N -nitrosation in the human colon and further evidence of a dose response. High-meat diets and cancer risk. Bouvard V. Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat. Lancet Oncol. Greer F. Infant methemoglobinemia: The role of dietary nitrate in food and water. Sanchez-Echaniz J. Methemoglobinemia and consumption of vegetables in infants. Charmandari E. Plasma nitrate concentrations in children with infectious and noninfectious diarrhea.
Comly H. Landmark article 8 September Cyanosis in infants caused by nitrates in well-water. By Hunter H. Walton G. Survey of literature relating to infant methemoglobinemia due to nitrate-contaminated water. Knobeloch L. Blue babies and nitrate-contaminated well water. Johnson C. Fatal outcome of methemoglobinemia in an infant. Lutynski R. The concentrations of nitrates and nitrites in food products and environment and the occurrence of acute toxic methemoglobinemias. Ayebo A. Infant Methemoglobinemia in the Transylvania Region of Romania.
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Quality of community drinking water and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion. Arch Environ. Albouy-Llaty M. Stayner L. Atrazine and nitrate in drinking water and the risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight in four Midwestern states. Joyce S. Water disinfection by-products and prelabor rupture of membranes. Mattix K. Incidence of abdominal wait defects is related to surface water atrazine and nitrate levels.
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Nitrosatable drug exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy and selected congenital malformations. Nitrosatable drug exposure during early pregnancy and neural tube defects in offspring: National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Dietary nitrites and nitrates, nitrosatable drugs, and neural tube defects. Dorsch M. Congenital malformations and maternal drinking water supply in rural South Australia: A case-control study.
Croen L. Maternal exposure to nitrate from drinking water and diet and risk for neural tube defects. Arbuckle T. Water nitrates and CNS birth defects: A population-based case-control study. Ericson A. Environmental factors in the etiology of neural tube defects: A negative study. Cantor K. Drinking water and cancer. Quist A. Ingested nitrate and nitrite, disinfection by-products, and pancreatic cancer risk in postmenopausal women.
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Zeegers M. Nitrate intake does not influence bladder cancer risk: The Netherlands cohort study. Adenocarcinoma of the stomach and esophagus and drinking water and dietary sources of nitrate and nitrite. McElroy J. Nitrogen-nitrate exposure from drinking water and colorectal cancer risk for rural women in Wisconsin, USA.
Colorectal cancer risk and nitrate exposure through drinking water and diet. Fathmawati, Fachiroh J. Nitrates are also made in large amounts by plants and animals, and are released in smoke and industrial or automotive exhaust. Nitrate can occur naturally in surface and groundwater at a level that does not generally cause health problems. High levels of nitrate in well water often result from improper well construction, well location, overuse of chemical fertilizers, or improper disposal of human and animal waste.
Sources of nitrate that can enter your well include fertilizers, septic systems, animal feedlots, industrial waste, and food processing waste. Wells may be more vulnerable to such contamination after flooding, particularly if the wells are shallow, have been dug or bored, or have been submerged by floodwater for long periods of time. If you suspect a problem and your drinking water comes from a private well, you may contact your state certification officer external icon for a list of laboratories in your area that will perform tests on drinking water for a fee.
Nitrate may be successfully removed from water using treatment processes such as ion exchange, distillation, and reverse osmosis. However, in infants under six months of age, the enzyme systems for reducing methemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin are incompletely developed and methemoglobinemia can occur.
This also may happen in older individuals who have genetically impaired enzyme systems for metabolizing methemoglobin. Like many contaminants in drinking water, these nitrogen compounds are potentially hazardous at levels or concentrations that do not impart a noticeable taste, odor, or appearance to the water; the exception is ammonia which does have a strong odor. Your best course of action is to get your water tested and compile as much information as possible about your water supply source, well construction, surrounding land-use, and local geology.
Level 1 Testing is done with simple observations that an individual can make with their own senses such as sight, smell, and taste. These observations can be readily apparent or can be observed as they change over time. In addition, accessible related information about the home can also be used to narrow down the cause of your water issues. If your test results reveal the presence of a contaminant that is cause for concern, you can either proceed to determine the best treatment see below or continue to Level 3 Testing.
In many cases, an elevated presence of nitrates and nitrites in drinking water is related to a local activity or condition that is near the surface. When conducting screening testing, we also recommend monitoring the bacterial quality of the water.
Order a Neighborhood Environmental Report to learn about potential hazards in your community. Level 3 Testing is done through an accredited Water Testing Laboratory.
With Level 3 Testing, you can order a testing kit that is used to prepare your sample and submit it to the lab. By utilizing a lab, you have the assurance that a certified water expert had analyzed your water sample. If your test results reveal the presence of a contaminant that is cause for concern, you can either proceed to determine the best treatment options see below or continue to Level 4 Testing - Certified Testing. If you are located in an agricultural area or an area with high fertilizer usage that may also use pesticides, we would recommend the Well Water Check Deluxe kit, if not, order a Well Water Check Standard.
See below. Excess plants in a body of water can create many problems. An excess in the growth of plants and algae create an unstable amount of dissolved oxygen. During the day, there will be usually be high levels of dissolved oxygen, and at night the levels of oxygen can decrease dramatically. Excess plants and algae will also create conditions where organic matter accumulates.
High densities of algae will create a condition where sunlight cannot reach very far into the water. Since plants and algae require some sunlight, plants and algae not receiving sunlight will die off. These dead plant materials will settle to the bottom of the water and bacteria that feed on decaying organic material will greatly increase in numbers.
These bacteria will consume oxygen and, therefore, the level of dissolved oxygen in this water will fall to levels that are too low for many aquatic insects and fish to survive.
Also, this can cause extreme changes in habitat. Fish that need gravel or sand for spawning may find nothing but mats of vegetation and muck so will be unable to produce offspring. Rivers on PEI with anoxic events.
Menu Skip to content. Environmental Fun Day ! Does the presence of nitrates affect water quality? Can the presence of nitrates affect human health? Why do we need nitrogen? What are the sources of Nitrogen? Where do Nitrates come from? How do nitrates affect human health? How do nitrates affect the health of aquatic animals?
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